Press Law in Senegal: Legal Framework, Current Challenges and Prospects

The Press Law Senegal is an ever-evolving field, marked by recent reforms aimed at modernizing the media sector while ensuring freedom of expression and the protection of journalists. With the adoption of the new Press Code In 2017 and the reforms announced in 2025, it is essential for media professionals, media companies and citizens to understand the current legal issues. This article explores the legal framework, recent reforms, challenges and best practices for navigating this complex landscape.

I. The Legal Framework of Press Law in Senegal

1. The 2017 Press Code

The Press Code adopted in 2017 replaces the old 1996 law and introduces several major innovations:

  • Decriminalization of press offences : Offences related to defamation and insult are now treated as civil rather than criminal offences, in line with international standards.
  • Press card required : Journalists must now obtain a press card, issued after recognised professional training.
  • Supervision of press companies : The media must obtain an authorization or an agreement to operate, depending on their nature (written, audiovisual, online).

2. Regulatory Institutions

The National Audiovisual Regulatory Council (CNRA) is the body responsible for supervising the media sector. However, reforms are underway to create a High Authority for the Regulation of Audiovisual Communication (HARCA) , which is more adapted to current challenges, in particular the regulation of online media and social networks.

II. Recent Reforms and Their Implications

1. The Compliant Media List (2025)

In February 2025, the Ministry of Communication published a list of media outlets that comply with the Press Code. Out of 639 media outlets declared, only 258 were found to be compliant, raising questions about the transparency and fairness of this procedure.

2. Modernization of the Media Sector

The government has announced four major reforms to modernize the media sector:

  • Reform of the press support fund : Increased resources to support independent media.
  • Creation of an audiovisual development fund : To encourage the production and dissemination of local content.
  • Strengthening regulation : Transition to a more independent and effective regulatory authority.
  • Whistleblower protection : Adoption of a law to secure journalists denouncing abuses.

III. The Current Challenges of Press Law

1. Disinformation and Hate Speech

With the rise of social media, disinformation and hate speech pose major challenges. The government and international organizations are working to strengthen the integrity of information, including through the Global Principles for Information Integrity of the UN.

2. The Precariousness of Journalists

A recent study found that 26% of Senegalese journalists do not have an employment contract, and 70-80% lack job security after 10-20 years of service. This precariousness compromises the quality of information and the safety of professionals.

3. Freedom of Expression Under Pressure

Despite legislative progress, cases of censorship and intimidation persist, particularly against media outlets critical of the government. The controversial publication of the list of compliant media in 2025 has exacerbated tensions between the authorities and media professionals.

IV. Good Practices for Media and Journalists

1. Comply with Legal Obligations

  • Obtain a press card : Make sure that all your journalists are in good standing with the Press Code.
  • Comply with registration procedures : The media must obtain the necessary permits to operate legally.

2. Adopt Ethical Standards

  • Verify sources : To fight against disinformation, it is essential to verify and cross-check information before publication.
  • Avoiding hate speech : The media must promote a respectful and inclusive discourse.

3. Protecting Journalists

  • Sign employment contracts : Media companies must guarantee decent working conditions for their employees.
  • Training in occupational risks : Journalists must be trained to deal with threats and intimidation.

V. Trends and Prospects for the Future

1. Media Digitalization

The rise of online media and social networks requires an adaptation of the legal framework. The government is working to integrate these new players into the regulatory system.

2. Whistleblower Protection

The adoption of a law on the protection of whistleblowers in 2025 marks an important step to strengthen transparency and the fight against corruption.

3. International cooperation

Senegal collaborates with international organizations such as the UN to promote press freedom and information integrity.

FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions about Press Law

1. What is the decriminalisation of press offences?

Decriminalization means that offenses like defamation and insult are no longer punished by prison sentences, but by civil fines.

2. How do I get a press card in Senegal?

The press card is issued after recognised professional training and an application to the competent authorities.

3. What are the risks for non-compliant media?

Non-compliant media risk administrative sanctions or even suspension of their activities.

4. How to protect a whistleblower journalist?

A law passed in 2025 provides a legal framework to protect whistleblowers from retaliation.

5. What is the 2017 Press Code?

The 2017 Press Code is a law adopted to modernize the legal framework governing the media in Senegal. It establishes rules regarding the registration of news companies, media ownership, and the responsibilities of editors, among other things.

6. What are the main challenges facing the Senegalese press?

Key challenges include political pressures, economic difficulties, competition from digital media, and the need to maintain high ethical standards.

7. How does the government support the media in Senegal?

The government supports the media mainly through the Press Support and Development Fund (FADP), which was recently increased to 4 billion CFA francs to help press companies overcome financial challenges.

8. What are the obligations of press companies according to the Press Code?

Press companies must register with the Ministry of Communication, ensure that the majority of their capital is owned by Senegalese, and appoint a publication director with significant journalistic experience.

9. How can media innovate to stay relevant in the digital age?

Media outlets can adopt strategies such as developing online platforms, implementing digital subscription models, using social media for audience engagement, and investing in interactive media formats.

Press law in Senegal is at a turning point, with ambitious reforms aimed at modernizing the sector while guaranteeing freedom of expression. However, major challenges remain, including the precariousness of journalists and the fight against disinformation.

For a more in-depth analysis of press law in Senegal, you can consult the website of the High Authority for Communication (HAC) and the Press Code of 2017 .

External Resources:

  1. Press Code 2017 – BBC Africa .
  2. Media Reforms 2025 – Dakar Actu .
  3. List of Compliant Media – SeneNews .
  4. Whistleblower Protection – AllAfrica .
  5. Global Principles for Information Integrity – UN .

 

Ibrahima Niang, lawyer at
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